6 Foods to Avoid While Taking Metformin

Metformin is one of the most well-known diabetes medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. 

Although Metformin is approved for treating type 2 diabetes, it is also used off-label to treat polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), infertility, prediabetes, pregnancy complication prevention, and obesity.

If you are one of the many who rely on this medication or are considering its use, it’s important to understand how metformin works and how a nutritious diet can complement its effectiveness.

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1. Alcohol

Alcohol can be combined with metformin in moderation, but it’s even better to avoid it altogether. Taking metformin and drinking alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the liver, which can lead to kidney failure and damage to the lungs and heart.² 

Alcohol may also cause digestive discomfort in some individuals, and alcohol may increase these symptoms. 

2. Saturated Fats

While some healthy fats can support heart and brain health, consuming too many high-fat foods can harm your health. 

Foods high in saturated fats, such as fatty cuts of meat, fried foods, and full-fat dairy products, can reduce insulin sensitivity when eaten in excess. Since metformin enhances insulin sensitivity, a diet rich in saturated fats can counteract its effects, making it less efficient in controlling blood sugar levels.

<div class="pro-tip"><strong>Also Read: </strong><a href=signs-metformin-is-working>How Long Does Metformin Take to Work? 6 Signs to Look For</a></a>.</div>

3. Refined and Simple Carbs

Refined carbohydrates like white bread, white rice, sugary cereals, and pastries can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar. Metformin's ability to regulate these spikes can be overwhelmed by a diet high in simple sugars and refined carbs. 

Strive to eat more complex carbohydrates that provide a steady energy source and are more compatible with metformin therapy.

4. Too Much Fiber

While high-fiber foods are generally beneficial for diabetes management because they slow digestion and the release of glucose into the bloodstream, consuming them in excess alongside metformin can interfere with how your body absorbs the medication. 

Do not take fiber supplements or simultaneously eat high-fiber foods – such as avocado, berries, beans, chia seeds, chickpeas, and oatmeal – as your medications. It’s best to wait a few hours in between. You should talk to your doctor before taking fiber supplements if you have diabetes and are taking metformin.

5. Too Much Sodium

Although salt does not affect blood glucose levels, it's important to limit the amount you consume as part of your diabetes management regimen because too much salt can result in high blood pressure.

Hypertension often occurs in people who have diabetes mellitus, so eating a low-sodium diet can help with blood pressure management. 

6. Highly Processed Foods

Highly processed foods often contain hidden sugars, saturated and trans fats, and additives that may disrupt blood sugar control. These foods can also contribute to weight gain, a risk factor for insulin resistance. To optimize the effectiveness of metformin, prioritize whole, unprocessed foods and home-cooked meals most of the time.

Work with a registered dietitian or certified diabetes educator to develop a personalized nutrition plan that supports nutrition needs and increases the efficacy of your medication regimen.

Optimizing Your Metformin Regimen

Taking metformin as part of your diabetes management plan can be highly effective, but not without other lifestyle considerations. Here's our expert advice on how to get the most out of your metformin regimen:

1. Follow Your Healthcare Provider's Guidance

Always follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Metformin comes in different formulations, including an immediate-release and extended-release tablet. The dosing and timing can vary, so following your prescriber’s recommendations is important.

2. Timing Matters

Regular vs. Extended-Release

Depending on the type of metformin prescribed, the timing of your doses may differ. Regular metformin is usually taken with meals, while extended-release metformin is often taken once daily with an evening meal. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions to ensure optimal blood sugar control.

Consistency

Try to take your metformin at the same time each day. Consistency helps maintain steady medication levels in your body, making it more effective at managing high blood sugar. 

3. Gradual Dose Escalation

The medication is often prescribed at a lower dose initially, which is gradually increased to minimize the side effects of metformin. This approach allows your body to adapt to the medication and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort.

4. Monitor Blood Sugar Levels

Regularly monitor your blood sugar levels as advised by your healthcare provider. This helps you and your provider gauge how well metformin works for you. Adjustments to your medication or diet plan can be made based on these readings if necessary.

5. Addressing Side Effects

Gastrointestinal Upset

When starting metformin, gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal discomfort can occur. These often subside as your body gets used to the medication. If side effects persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider, as they may adjust your dosage or recommend different formulations.

Vitamin B12 and Folate

Long-term metformin use has been associated with lower vitamin B12 and folate levels. Your healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring of these levels and, if necessary, supplementation.

6. Diet and Lifestyle

Balanced Diet

As discussed earlier, a healthy diet is important in managing diabetes alongside metformin. Consult a registered dietitian to create a personalized meal plan that aligns with your metformin therapy.

Exercise

Regular physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity, prevent heart disease, and enhance the effects of metformin. Discuss an exercise plan with your healthcare provider.

7. Consult Your Healthcare Provider

Before changing your medication or diet, consult your healthcare provider. Communication with your provider is essential for managing diabetes effectively.

Remember that metformin is just one aspect of diabetes management, and a holistic approach that includes medication, diet, exercise, and regular glucose monitoring is the best way to achieve better blood sugar control and overall health.

Learn More About the Impact of Blood Sugar on Overall Health With Signos’ Expert Advice

Signos CGM is a great tool for managing diabetes. It allows you to keep track of your blood sugar throughout the day and see how different foods affect your blood sugar. It can also show you how nutrition and exercise impact your blood sugar. 

Signos CGM empowers you to improve your health by keeping track of your diet, exercise, sleep habits, and blood sugar. Knowledge is power, and a CGM can give you specific information about how your habits affect your health. 

Signos has a team of health experts who compile evidence-based nutrition information to help you improve your health and wellness. Check out the resources here.

Take a quick quiz to determine if Signos is a good fit for you.

<div class="pro-tip"><strong>Learn More: </strong><a href=metformin-benefits-for-non-diabetics>7 Metformin Benefits For People Without Diabetes</a>.</div>